eldKk; fy;tpAk; njhlh;ghd ,izg;gpid mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F kdpj "epiy khw;wj;jpy;" ciog;gpd; gq;fpid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. Rkhh; Ie;J ,yl;rk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dh; tho;e;j [hth kdpjd; neUg;gpid cUthf;fTk;> fUtpfisf; ifahSk; jpwDiltdhfTk; ,Ue;jhd; vd;gij Ma;thsh; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sdh;. N[hd;Ytp];> 1978) kdpj ciog;ghdJ gw;fSf;F toq;fpa Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; iffSf;Fg; gbg;gbahf khw;wj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,e;j khw;wkhdJ tpyq;Ffspy; ,Ue;J kdpjid "epiykhwr; nra;tjw;F" cjtpaJ.

   iffspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gbkyh;r;rp nfhs;s "Kfh;jy;" vd;w %f;fpd; Gyd; czh;T gbg;gbahf Kjd;ik Fd;wj; njhlq;fpaNtis> "fl;Gyd; czh;T" xg;gPl;lstpy; NkNyhq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,e;j khw;wq;fspd; topahfNt eldk; Kfpo;e;njOe;jJ.

   ciog;gpdhy; epfo;e;j gz;G epiyg;gl;l khw;wj;jpy; "FwpaPl;lhf;fk;" xU gpujhd Njhw;wg;glhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. tpyq;Ffspdhy; FwpaPl;L Mf;fj; njhopw;ghL tpidj;jpwDld; epfo;j;jg;gltpy;iy. FwpaPl;lhf;fk;> fw;wYf;Fk;> fw;gpj;jYf;Fk; typik je;jJ.

   mJ nghJikahf;fYf;Fhpa njhlh;Gr; nray;Kiwahf mike;jJ. N`hNkh vnwf;u];> N`hNkh rg;gpahd;]; Kjypa kdpj %jhijah;fspd; tpUj;jpapy; ciog;G> iffspd; njhopw;ghLfs;> fUtpfspd; ifahl;rp> njhlh;Gr; nray;Kiwfs;> NkYk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhf tsh;r;rpailaj; njhlq;fpd.

   ,tw;wpd; gpd;Gyj;jpy; eld tsh;r;rpapy; %d;W gpujhd nraw;ghLfs; ,lk; ngwyhapd> mit :

   m) rpe;jid

   M) Ngr;R

   ,) fUtpfs;

   mUtkhf;fy;> vz;zf;fUthf;fk;> nghJikahf;fy;> kdf;fUj;JUthf;fk;> vjph;g;ghhg;G> njwpj;jy;> Kjypa csr; nraw;ghLfs; rpe;jidNahbize;jpUe;jd. ciog;NghL ,ize;j xypf;FwpaPLfisj; jOtpa Ngr;Rk; ,irAk; tsuyhapw;W. kdpj ciog;gpYk;> cw;gj;jpapYk; iffspd; nraw;ghLfs; NkYk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngwj; njhlq;fpd. iffs; ciog;Gf;Fhpa cWg;ghf kl;Lky;y ciog;gpd; tpisthfTk; (Product of Labour) tsh;r;rp ngwyhapw;W. iffspy; mike;Js;s jirehh;fs; kpf Ez;zpajhd nraw;ghLfisg; GhpAk; jpwd; gilj;jitahf khwpd. kpf El;gkhd nray;gHLfisg; Ghpfpd;w iffs; fiyaoF jUk; fhl;rpfisg; GidAk; jpwd;fisg; gilf;fyhapd.

    iffspd; njhopw;ghLfNshL ,ize;jjhf "%is NkYk; tsuyhapw;W. ciog;NghL rhh;e;j eilKiwg; gpur;rpidfspd; mOj;jq;fSld; 'rpe;jid" tsuyhapw;W. clYk;> rpe;jidAk; ,ize;j rkhe;jug; gz;Gfis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lk; fiytbtq;fspy; eldk; rpwg;gile;J khDltpay; Ma;Tfspy; kdpj mirTfs; NkYk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd. #o;epiyf;Fg; nghUe;jp tho;tjpy; ,e;j mirTfs; kdpjUf;Fg; ngUkstpy; cjtpd. tpyq;Ffs; jkf;Fhpa ahjhapDk; Xh; cly; ,af;fj;ijNa rpwg;ghff; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. Mdhy; kdpjhpd; clypy; cs;s ,af;fq;fs; gd;Kfg;gl;lit. ,t;thwhd mD$yk; kdpjhpd; eld Mf;fj;Jf;Fk; Jiz nra;tjhf mike;jJ.

   nkhopAk; fiyfSk; r%f ,Ug;gpypUe;Nj Njhd;wpd. jdpkdpj Mw;wiyg; gd;klq;fhfg; ngUf;Ftjw;Fr; r%fr; nraw;ghLfs; Jiz nra;jd. xt;nthUtuJk; mDgtq;fisj; jpul;b Mw;wiyg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;> ngUf;Ftjw;Fk; fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfs; toptFj;jd. mDgtq;fis xd;Wjpul;bf; Ftpj;Jg; gad;gLj;Jk; nghOJ> NkYk; tpirAlDk; tpidj;jpwDk; njhopw;gl Kbe;jJ.

   xU tpyq;fpdj;ij kw;iwa tpyq;fpdk; mopg;gjhy; tpyq;fpd tsh;r;rp NkNyhq;fpaJ. Mdhy; kdpjhpd; tsh;r;rp gioa fUtpfisAk;> njhopy; El;gtpaiyAk; iftpLtjd; thapyhf Nkk;glj; njhlq;fpaJ. Gjpa fUtpfs; njhopy;El;gtpay; Mfpatw;wpd; gad;ghL r%f Mf;fj;Jld; neUq;fpa ,izg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

   Guhjd vfpg;jpa eldq;fspYk;> jkpo; eldq;fspYk; iffspNy fUtpfis Ve;jpa Mly;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fUtpf; ifahl;rpapd; ,d;ndhU ghpkhzk; mw xOf;f tw;GWj;jyhFk;.

   eldj;jpN;y %d;W nghpa gz;Gfspd; cs;slf;fk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

    m. fUj;jpay;

    M. r%ftpay;

    ,. njhopy;El;gtpay;

    m) ek;gpf;iffs;> tpOkpaq;fs;> rkak;> ke;jpuk;> rlq;F> Ijpfk; vd;gtw;Wld; fUj;jpaw; gz;Gfs; ,ize;jpUe;jd.

M) r%f epuyikg;G> njhopw;gphpTfs;> rpwf;Fkpay;G> $l;;LwT Kjypait> r%ftpaw; gz;gpNy cs;slf;fpapUe;jd.

,) fUtpfs;> fUtpfspd; ifahl;rp> Kjypait El;gtpaw; gz;gpy; ,lk; ngWk;.

   ciog;gpdhy; cw;gj;jpapy; Vw;gl;l kpifahd gFjpapd; xU $wpidf; fiyfspy; eldq;fSk; cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpg;gjw;Fj; Jhz;Lk; tpirfshf mike;jd. fhw;W> ePh;> jhtuk;> tpyq;Ffs; Kjypatw;wpd; tYitg; gad;gLj;Jk; Mw;wiy tsh;g;gjw;Ff; fy;tpAk; fiyfSk; Jhz;Ljy; je;jd.

   ,aw;if topahf Vw;gl;l mopTfSk;> mghaq;fSk;> vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fSk; kdpjhplj;Nj mr;rj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd. mtw;iwg; ghtid nra;tjd; thapyhf mr;rj;ijj; jtph;f;fyhk; vd;w cstpay; ek;gpf;if gpwe;jJ. fhw;whfTk; kioahfTk;> GayhfTk;> GdyhfTk; kdpjd; ghtid nra;jhd;. gyKs;s tpyq;Ffisg; ghtid nra;tjd; thapyhf mtw;Wf;Fhpa gyk; jkf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; vd;w vz;zKk; typikaile;jJ vd khDltpayhsh; $Wth;.

   rlq;FfspYk;> ke;jpuq;fspYk; FwpaPl;Lg; gz;Gfs; NkNyhq;fpapUe;jd. kioiaAk;> fhw;iwAk;> GdiyAk;> jkf;fpiae;j FwpaPLfshf;fpf; ifahs;tjd; thapyhf mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAnkd vz;zpdhh;fs;. FwpaPLfshf;fpf; ifahs Kad;w nghOJ Vw;gl;l ntw;wpfs; mth;fSf;F cwrhf%l;bd. kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; mtw;iwr; nra;a Kad;wdh;. ,t;thwhd kPstypAWj;jy;fs; eld tsh;r;rpf;F mDruizahf tpsq;fpd.

   fUj;ijAk; czh;r;rpiaAk; tpUg;gq;fisAk;> vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fisAk; kNdhghtq;fisAk;> FwpaPLfshw; fhl;lyhk;. eldk; tpUj;jpailaj; njhlq;fpaJ. ke;jpuk;> rlq;F> Ijpfk;> rkak; vd;gtw;Wld; ,ize;jjhf eld Mf;fk; ,lk; ngwyhapw;W. tptrha cw;gj;jpapd; NghJ "mwpahf;fhuzpfis" kdpjd; czuyhdhd;. ghLgl;L gaph; nra;j nghOJk;> vjph;ghuhf ,aw;ifj; jhf;fq;fs; epfo;e;jd. G+h;tPfg; nghJTlikapd; NghJ fhzg;gl;l f;lq;fisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;sf;$ba nefpo;r;rpahd epiy> epykhdpar; r%fj;jpNy fhzg;gltpy;iy. cw;gj;jp tPo;r;rpaile;j Ntis epyr; nrhe;jf;fhuNu Rikiaj; jdpj;Jj; jhq;fNtz;bapUe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; mwpahf;fhuzpfs; kPJ mjpf ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;bapUe;jikahy;> mjw;fhf ,uq;Fk; ke;jpuKk;> rlq;FfSk;> fiy tbtq;fSk; tpUj;jpailaj; njhlq;fpd.

   tptrha tho;f;ifapy; ePUk;> kioAk; rpwg;ghh;e;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jikahy;> mtw;Nwhbize;j gy rlq;Ffs; gz;ila cyfk; KOtJk; tputpapUe;jjhf khDltpayhsh; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdh;. G+h;tPfg; nghJTlikr; r%fj;jpNy $l;L epiyg;gl;l rlq;FfSk; eldq;fSk; NkNyhq;fj; njhlq;fpd. fUtsk; ngUf;fk; njhlh;ghd rlq;FfspYk; eldq;fspYk; jdp kdpjg; gz;Gfspd; NkNyhq;Fifiaf; fhzyhk;. $l;L eldq;fs; jdp eldq;fshf khwpa ngah;r;rpia ,jw;F Mjhukhfr; Rl;bf; fhl;l KbAk;.

   njhopw; gphpTfspy; tsh;r;rpahdJ eld tsh;r;rpf;Fj; Jhz;Ljy; mspf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. xt;nthU njhopy;fSf;F chpathW NtWgl;l tifapNy fhy;> if mirTfisAk; gad;gLj;j Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Ntiyfis ,yFthf;f> xj;jpirT Ngzg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

   kdntOr;rp G+h;tkhd mirTfshw; Gyg;gLj;jg;gLk; fy;tpr;rhh;e;j ,af;fj;ij eldk; nfhz;lJ. ,ay; G+f;fk; rhh;e;j ce;jy;fspd; NghJ vOk; kpifahd tYtpd; mjph;Tfisr; rPuhf;fk; nra;tjw;F caphpdq;fspd; elj;ijapYk; epfOk; xOq;F gLj;jg;gl;l mirthf eldj;ijf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

   kdntOr;rp G+h;tkhd mirTfs; kdntOr;rp rhh;e;j cly;> csf; FiyTfspNy rkepiyfis tUtpf;fpd;wd. ,e;epiyapy; eldq;fspd; ",U epiyg;gl;l" gz;Gfisf; fy;tp cstpayhsh; Rl;bf; fhl;Lth;. mitahtd :

   m) kdntOr;rpfSf;Nfw;g clyirTfs; epfo;j;jg;gLk; nghOJ "csr;rPuhf;fy;" Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

   M) kdntOr;rpfisj; Jhz;Ltjw;fhf clyirTfis Vw;gLj;jp eldj;ijf; Nfhyq;fspy; khw;wq;fis tUtpg;gjw;Fk; eldq;fs; gad;gLk;.

    kdpj tsh;r;rpapd; Muk;gfhy eldq;fspy; Nkw;$wpa ,uz;L gz;GfSk; tputpapUe;jd. ,tw;why; eldj;jpd; "fUj;Njw;wg;gz;G" njspthfg; Gyg;gLk;. Ntl;ilahlg; Nghtjw;Fhpa tPuhNtrj;ijj; Jhz;Lk; eldq;fs; Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; goq;Fbfsplj;J ,d;Wk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Neha;tha;gl;lth;fSf;F eldq;fs; thapyhf csg;gpzp ePf;Fk; cghaq;fSk; goq;Fbfsplj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

   r%fj;Jf;Fhpa fUtsg; ngUf;fk;> cw;gj;jpg; ngUf;fk;> ,aw;iff;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;ij newpg;gLj;jy; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ kdpj Mw;wy; Mo;e;J jpir jpUk;g Ntz;ba Kuz;ghLfs; Kidg;gile;j Ntis gpwg;gpd; nghOJk;> ,wg;gpd; nghOJk; cw;gj;jpg; ngUf;fpd; nghOJk;> ,aw;if Kuz;ghLfspd; nghOJk; eldq;fs; ,aw;wg;gl;ld.

    cw;gj;jpg; ngUf;fj;Jf;F kdpj ciog;gpd; kfj;Jtk; tho;f;if elg;gpaypy; czug;gl> kdpj tpUj;jpad; xt;nthU fl;lKk; mofpayhy; Muthug;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,e;epiyapYk; Foe;ijfs; gpwf;Fk; NghJ eldk; MLjy;> G+g;G jpUkzk;> ,wg;G vd;gtw;wpd; NghJ eldk; MLjy; Kjypait> tsh;r;rpailaj; njhlq;fpd. kdpj cly; ciog;ig tpidj;jpwDld; gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba Neuq;fspy; eldj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; czug;glyhapw;W. ,e;epiyapw; Nghh;f;fhy eldq;fSk; Kfpo;j;njoyhapd.

   eld tsh;r;rpapy; cw;gj;jpj; Jiwapy; Vw;gl;l njhopw;gphpTfSk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jj; njhlq;fpaJ. fpNuf;f eldq;fis Muha;e;jth;fs; ,jid njspthf tpsf;fpAs;shh;fs;.

    fy;tpapaiyg; nghWj;jtiu cly;jpwd;> csj;jpwd;> kdntOr;rpj;jpwd;> r%fj;jpwd;> vd;gtw;iw Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eldq;fs; fUtpfshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

   MdhYk; ,it njhlh;ghd rpy mbg;gilahd tpdhf;fs; fy;tpapaypNy vOg;gg;gLjy; cz;L. jw;fhy eldq;fs; "ghtidapd; ghtizahf" Nkw;f;nfhs;sg;gLk; jpir jpUk;gy;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mjhtJ tho;f;if czh;TfSld; mit xd;wpf;fhJ "gpd;gw;wp" MLk; Ml;lq;fshf khwptpLfpd;wd. ,aw;ifahff; fpsh;e;njOk; czh;TfSld; eldq;fs; xd;wpizf;fg;gLjYk;> "cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;" czh;Tfspy; ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gLjYk; eldf; fy;tpapw; fUj;Jhz;wp Nehf;fg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.

    fy;tpapay; Nehf;fpy; eldk; %d;W gpujhd epge;jidfis cs;slf;fpaJ. mit :

    m) ntsp (Space)

   M) fhyk; / Neuk; (Time)

    ,) gq;Fgw;WNthh; (Actant)

   ,e;j %d;wpYk; xd;wpiztpy; eldk; ,af;fg;ngWtJk;> mtw;wpd; rpijtpy; eldk; cUf;Fiye;J tpLtjhfTk; mikAk;.

   eldk; Mlg;gLk; ntsp %d;W tifahfg; ghFg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ve;j ,lj;jpYk; eldj;ij epfo;j;Jjy; "nghJntsp" vd;W $wg;gLk;. kf;fs; $Lk; nghJtplq;fspy; eldj;ij epfo;j;Jjy; ntspapd; ,d;ndhU gphpthFk;. rpwg;ghh;e;j Nkilfspy; eldj;ij epfo;j;Jjy; "Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLk; ntsp" vd;W fUjg;gLk;. MLNthuJk;> ghh;g;NghuJk; Gyd; czh;TfSld; eldk; ,ize;Js;sikahy; ntspgw;wpa tpsf;fk; eldf; fy;tpapy; tw;GWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

    fhyj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu eldj;jpy; "tho;f;ifNahbize;j Neuk;" "eldNeuk;" vd;w ghFghLfs; cs;sd. eldj;jpd; NghJ cUthf;fg;gLk; mDgt tPRk; kdntspr;rpf; Nfhyq;fSk; eldj;jpd; Neuj;ij cUthf;Ffpd;wd.

   ntspiaAk; Neuj;ijAk; xd;wpizj;J gq;F gw;WNthuJ eld ,af;fq;fs; ,lk;ngWk;. MLNthh; Mliy epfo;j;Jth;> mth;fspd; cly;> cs;sk; kdntOr;rpj; jOtpa ghpkhzq;fs; Kjypait mofpay; mDgtq;fshf ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.

    nrwpTgLj;jy;> epiykhw;wg;gLj;jy; (Trans Formation) Mfpait. eldq;fs; topahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. kdntOr;rpfs; eld cghaq;fshy; kPs typAWj;jg;gl;Lf; $ba nrwpTf;F cs;shf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kdntOr;rpfis epiykhw;wk; nra;jy;> MSik tsh;r;rpapd; gpujhd gz;Gf;$whff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. eld ,iltpidfs; topahf jdpkdpj czh;Tfs; $l;Lzh;Tfshf epiykhw;wg; gLfpd;wd.

    eldq;fs; midj;Jk; VNjh xUtifapy; rkatho;Tld; gpd;dpg;gpize;J tsh;e;J te;j tuyhw;Wj; njhlh;r;rpiaf; nfhz;Ls;sik fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfspy; NkYk; Mo;e;J Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fiykuGfisg; NgZtjpYk;> ghJfhj;jypYk;> tsh;g;gjpYk;> rkar; nray; Kiwf;Fg; gpujhd gq;F cz;L. ,tw;wpd; gpd;Gyj;jpy; eldj;jpNy %d;W ngUk; gz;Gfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;l KbAk;. mitahtd :

    m) tpf;fpufg; gz;G (Icons)

   M) Rl;lw; gz;G (Indices)

   ,) FwpaPl;Lg;gz;G (Symbol)

    midj;J clw;NfhyKk; KOikahd Mlw;ghq;fpid ntspg;gLj;jiy tpf;fpufg; gz;G Fwpg;gpLk;> xU rpwpa gFjpapd; thapyhf KOg;nghUisAk; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;LtJ Rl;lw;gz;G vd;W fUjg;gLk;. xU nghUis ,d;ndhU nghUshw; njhlh;G gLj;Jjy; FwpaPlhf mikAk;. ,tw;iwj; njhlh;GgLj;jp MLk; nghOJ "Ra ,ay;G ntspg;ghL"> "gpwpnjhU ghj;jpuj;ij Vw;Fk; ntspg;ghL"> "jdJ Raj;ijg; gpwuJ Ratpay;GfNshL ,iltpid nfhs;sitf;Fk; nraw;ghL"> Mfpait ,lk;ngWk;. "clypd; nkhop" vd;wk; ,tw;iwj; njhFj;Jf; $wyhk;.

   vj;jifa xUfw;ww; nraw;ghl;bYk; "rpf;fdg;gLj;jy;" vd;w xU gz;G rpwg;ghf ,lk;ngWk;. fw;wy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l Ntfj;jpNy jhd; epfo;e;j tz;zkpUf;Fk;. mDgtj;jpusikg;igj; jpul;Ljy;> fw;wypd; mbg;gilr; nraw;ghlhf mikAk;. xOq;fikj;jy;> jd;kakhf;fy;> jd;dikthf;fy;> Kjypa nraw;ghLfshy; "mwpf;if" Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.

    ghtid nra;tJk;> mjd; topahf cUthf;fg;gLk; kfpo;r;rpAk;> fw;wYf;fhd Jhz;bfis toq;Ffpd;wd. eld mirTfspy; gy tifahd clypaf;f tpUj;jpfs; Kd;ndLf;fg; gLtjhf cstpayhh; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdh;. mit :

    m) cly; rhh; czh;T

    M) ghuKk; NeuKk; gw;wpa czh;T

   ,) ntspgw;wpa czh;T

    <) rf MLNthUld; nfhs;Sk; ,af;f ,irT

   c) mirTfspd; fhl;rp gw;wpa czh;T

   C) jiu cauk; gw;wpa czh;T

   v) ntspg;ghl;L;g; gz;GfSld; ,ize;j czh;T

    V) ,irAk; mirTk; muq;Fk; gw;wpa czh;T

   I) ghj;jpuk; Vw;wy; njhlh;ghd czh;T

    x) eldj;jpd; $l;Lnkhj;jkhd tpisTfs; gw;wpa czh;T

   eldf; fy;tpapd; KOikahd Nehf;fk; me;epa khjiy xopj;jyhFk;. mjd; KjyhtJ ghpkhzk; xUth; jkj czh;Tfspy; ,Ue;J jhNk gphpe;J epw;wy; xopf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjd; ,uz;lhtJ ghpkhzk; gpwuJ czh;Tfspy; ,Ue;J xUth; gphpe;J epw;wy; xopf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. gq;Fngw;wy; kdntOr;rpf; Nfhyq;fs; FO cs;Szh;T> Fog;Gyd; czh;T ntspg;gLj;jy;> Neh;ik> vd;gtw;why; me;epakag;ghL xopf;fg;gLk; epiyapy; kdpj czh;Tfs; NkNyhq;Fk;.

    ghlrhiyfspNy rpWth;f;Fhpa jirehh;g; gapw;rpfs; Nkw;F ehLfspNy tw;GWj;jg;gl;L tUk; Ntisapy; eldf; fy;tpapd; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; fiyj;jpl;l tbtikg;Gk;> NkYk; tphptilaj; njhlq;fpAs;sikiaf; fhzyhk;. eldf;fy;tp clypaiyAk; mopfpaiyAk; rq;fkpf;fr; nra;fpd;wJ. mtw;wpDhlhf rkepiy nghUe;jpa MSik tsh;r;rp vd;w vz;zf;fU mZfg;gLfpd;wJ.